IP address

An identifier for a computer or device on a TCP/IP network. Networks using the TCP/IP protocol route messages based on the IP address of the destination. The format of an IP address is a 32-bit numeric address written as four numbers separated by periods. Each number can be zero to 255. For example, 1.160.10.240 could be an IP address.

Within an isolated network, you can assign IP addresses at random as long as each one is unique. However, connecting a private network to the Internet requires using registered IP addresses (called Internet addresses) to avoid duplicates.

The four numbers in an IP address are used in different ways to identify a particular network and a host on that network. Four regional Internet registries -- ARIN, RIPE NCC, LACNIC and APNIC -- assign Internet addresses from the following three classes. 

Class A - supports 16 million hosts on each of 126 networks

Class B - supports 65,000 hosts on each of 16,000 networks

Class C - supports 254 hosts on each of 2 million networks

The number of unassigned Internet addresses is running out, so a new classless scheme called CIDR is gradually replacing the system based on classes A, B, and C and is tied to adoption of IPv6

 

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IP ADDRESS CLASSES

Class	1st Octet Decimal Range	1st Octet High Order Bits	Network/Host ID (N=Network, H=Host)	Default Subnet Mask	Number of Networks	Hosts per Network (Usable Addresses)
A	1 – 126*	0	N.H.H.H	255.0.0.0	126 (27 – 2)	16,777,214 (224 – 2)
B	128 – 191	10	N.N.H.H	255.255.0.0	16,382 (214 – 2)	65,534 (216 – 2)
C	192 – 223	110	N.N.N.H	255.255.255.0	2,097,150 (221 – 2)	254 (28 – 2)
D	224 – 239	1110	Reserved for Multicasting
E	240 – 254	1111	Experimental; used for research

Private IP Addresses

Class	Private Networks	Subnet Mask	Address Range
A	10.0.0.0	255.0.0.0	10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255
B	172.16.0.0 - 172.31.0.0	255.240.0.0	172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255
C	192.168.0.0	255.255.0.0	192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255

 IMAGES OF IP ADDRESS